مجله سلامت و بهداشت
سال ششم شماره 5 (پیاپی 24، زمستان 1394)

Proper and adequate education during pregnancy is one of the comprehensive goals in reproductive health care programs, but it had no sufficient effect on nutritional behavior and weight gain in pregnant women of Ardabil.

This study was conducted as an action research program consisting of 2 phases. First establishing a consulting center, and then participating pregnant mothers in nutritional education program. Abotaleb health center along with its accessory stations and because of its suitable condition for study was selected for our research setup and because one of the senior managers - health centers was included in this study, steps were done with greater ease. 510 women referring to Ardabil health centers were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly allocated to the experiment (n=210) and control (n=197) groups. Education program performed according to the standard protocol of the Ministry of Health in nutrition counseling (15 sessions), and the control group received usual education by midwives in the same center. Data were gathered using a researcher made questionnaire including, nutritional knowledge, and behavior before and after study and analyzed using SPSS-16 software.

There was no significant differences in terms of demographic (age, job, education..) between the two groups(p>0.05). At baseline, there was no significant differences in nutritional knowledge and behavior scores (p>0.05). After the intervention, results were significantly higher in the experiment group than those in the control group in terms of the knowledge and behavior (p<0.001). Other results demonstrated that in experiment group low weight gain (mismatch with BMI) respectively before and after study was 47.9% and 3.3% and in control group was 54.8% and 36.8%. Weight gain was significantly suitable in the experiment group (p<0.001).

Findings of the study indicate that the operation educational consulting center was effective in promoting nutritional knowledge and behavior of pregnant women. Therefore, it is recommended to implement and continue this program in other health centers.

Religious attitude is one of the essential concepts in health of vulnerable groups in society in which creating meaning and purpose in life is considered as an important approach in promoting and quality of life. This study was aimed to explore the relationship between religious attitudes with quality of life amongst welfare organization clients. The sample consisted of 230 (male=130, female=100) welfare organization clients of Darashahr town who were selected through random sampling method. Participants completed religious attitude scales of khodayari fard and world health organization quality of life-brief questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREEF). Finally, obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression (stepwise) analysis and independent t-test. This study showed that there is significant and positive correlation between religious attitude factors and quality of life (p<0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggested that emotions and religious orientation, religious belief and religious understanding subscales of religious attitudes can explain 32.4% of quality of life variation(p<0.001). Also, results indicated that no significant differences between two variables religious attitudes and quality of life in Females and males (p<0.01). Based on the results it is necessary to strengthen the religious attitude as a factor affecting quality of life in vulnerable groups of the society. The key point in a country like Iran with intellectuals, cultural and religious beliefs could be useful and necessary in designing care-therapies programs for these individuals.

Dyes beside having negative effects on environmental aesthetic sight have serious negative biological and chemical effects on environment. The propose of this study is to remove photocatalistics of acid red 18 using ZnO nanoparticle synthesized with hydrothermal method discontinuous system. In this experimental study first the source reactor and radiation were designed and constructed. Experiments were performed under stable conditions in pH (4, 7, and 10) with a contact time (10, 20, 30, 45 and 60) to determine the optimum pH. Then pH was fixed and effect of the initial concentration of nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3) grams per liter and various concentrations of Acid Red 18 (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200) milligrams per liter were studied. The results showed that the red dye removal efficiency of the process under study has directly increased with degree of acidity, so in acidic and alkaline efficiency was 83% and 1/59. It was also found that by lowering the initial dye concentration andincreaseing the contact time and concentration of nanoparticles, the removal efficiency was increased. Photocatalytic process coupled with ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method in removal of Acid Red 18 has done best and the efficiency is seemed to be considerable. we� suggest that the efficiency of the removal of dyes and other pollutants needs to be further investigated.

Mismatching between human resources with capacity of the facilities and failure of capacity building of human resources is the main reason behind lack of efficiency in hospitals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the allocation of human resources in general university hospitals that located in the cities of East Azerbaijani province. In order to inform health care managers of Status of Man power Distribution.

This Retrospective cross-sectional study�has compared the situation Of Distribution of human resources in general University hospitals in the cities of East Azerbaijan province with the standard criteria. The data collected by data collection form and analyzed by SPSS software.

Ratio of staff to active beds in all reviewed hospitals is 1/7 that Correspond with ministerial standard but the allocation and distribution of resources in the reviewed groups are in disarray.

Manpower distribution in Reviewed hospitals is unfair and unreasonable. Providing an updated and efficient information system to deal with problems and shortcomings of the existing human resources helps university administrators optimize allocation and distribution of resources based on the standards and the actual needs of hospitals (evidence based and data) and also preventing the Accumulation of human capital in some units and severe shortage of human capital in others.

Uncertainty and variability are inevitably included in health risk assessment. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach to evaluate risks of benzene using fuzzy logic to consider variety of factors and actual respiration rate of cases. This is a descriptive analytic study. In this study an integration model was created based on fuzzy logic and it was invented by using fuzzy toolbox in Matlab software, then by using IRIS instruction, the CDI rate and cancer and non-cancer risk was calculated. A questionnaire was also prepared to expand on the Information about jobs, activities, tasks and sites came from interviews with employees. Active sampling was performed within a week for each season and finally 280 samples were collected after one year. The results of air sampling have shown the concentration of benzene in the air at the site and loading units is beyond the standard (PEL-TWA). results of risk assessment indicates that among different groups, due to more contacts with pollutants, cancer risk in people working in loading Units is higher than the Standard measure, and requires controlling action. The proposed approach handles the uncertainties in health risk assessment using combination of probability and fuzzy set theory. The results show that the assessment of risk with this method will cover wide range of affective factors and risk assessment will be dealt with more details and explanations.

Evidence suggests that there is a prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in children and adolescents. To design and implement interventions for increasing physical activity in adolescents, it is necessary to determine factors influencing physical activity in this age group and prevent inactivity. Therefore, the present study aims to determine factors influencing physical activity in Bushehrian school girls based on health promotion model.

In this cross-sectional study, 410 girl students in first secondary schools in Bushehr were evaluated with cluster sampling. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: Demographic, questions related to health promotion model (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, social support, and activity related affect) and International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). For data analysis, descriptive test, Chi-square, ANOVA and logit regression model were used.

The students in terms of physical activity were divided into three categories, 40.2% (n =165) of students were inactive, 40.5% (n=166) minimally active and 19.3 (n=79) HEPA active. physical activity status was not associated with personal factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), job and education. While the prior physical activity had a significant association with physical activity behavior (p<0.001). All health promotion model constructs had a significant association with physical activity. The results indicated that physical activity was predicted by perceived benefits (&beta=0.015, p=0.036), perceived family support (&beta=0.015, p=0.014) and prior physical activity (&beta=1.008, p=0.000).

Family support is one of the most important factors for influencing physical activity, therefore motivating family members for student support and training benefits of physical activity in student especially in student without prior physical activity can be an effective step to promote physical activity in this group of people.

Wide spread use of antibiotics and their entry into the waste-acceptors leads to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Current study investigates the impact of ozone antibiotic Escherichia coli disinfection isolated from raw hospital sewage to the Cephalexin, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Sulfamethoxazole, Amikacin, Ceftriaxone and Nitrofurantoin antibiotics. This study is basic research-applications. Ranged from the second half of, 2013 in the Engineering Research Center for Environmental Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Tabriz, Imam Reza Hospital, that was performed as the raw sewage. Antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli by standard disk diffusion technique, interpretation and dissemination of the chart with the Kirby-Bauer was measured before and after ozone disinfection. Based on raw hospital antibiotic sewage resistance of Escherichia coli to antibiotics, cephalexin by (88.88%) has got the greatest sensitivity and to the nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin most indicated (88.88%). The hospital effluents by ozone disinfection contact time of 10 minutes, Escherichia coli bacteria is the most resistant to cephalexin antibiotic (100%) and the greatest sensitivity is to the nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin (88.88%). The ozone disinfection of hospital sewage contact time of 20 minutes destroys all Escherichia coli bacteria. Tests indicated efficient ozone disinfection process, raw hospital sewage, fecal coliform in removing resistant and non-resistant. Therefore, the method with sufficient accuracy on the ozone concentration and contact time is recommended to ensure the elimination of pathogens from wastewater.

Investing in the health of adolescents and youth population in educational environments is one of the most important interventions in the health sector. This study aims to evaluate the percentage of improvement of the Health Promoting School program in schools under the coverage of the city of Babol.

This study was a before and after the intervention conducted in 2013. The research population and samples were selected by census from 63 health program executor schools in the city of Babol. The data collection tool was standard Checklist to evaluate health program executor schools in two administrative and 8-fold indices. Data were collected in two phases- before and after the intervention- within a month and analyzed by SPSS18 software at the significance level of p˂0.05.

Of the 63 health program executor schools, (38.1%) 24 were primary schools (27%) 17 guidance schools (34.9%) and 22 high schools, and also (65.1%) 41 urban schools and 33 schools for boys (52.4%). From 100 points, the average point of health program executors was 66.08 11.99 before intervention which as promoted to 71.79 10.96 after the intervention. There was a significant difference between the total mean score and the mean scores of 9- fold items before and after the intervention (p˂0.05). Model results showed that the total checklist Score of the first phase and geographical area is only related to the second check list points and the impact of this program was higher in the rural schools.

This study showed that the execution of the health promoter programs has a positive impact in improving school indicators. It is recommended to implement this program in all schools.

Epidemiological data are needed because of the importance of health system planning, implementation and evaluation of periodontal status and treatment needs of patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study was conducted in Yazd using CPITN index. The aim of the present study was to determine the periodontal treatment needs of hemodialytic patients in Yazd and provide information of certain diseases and health promotion to practitioners and healthcare providers. In this descriptive study, 100 persons in two groups of 50 hemodialytic patients and 50 healthy subjects were selected. Two groups were matched for age and sex and also provided with necessary training and asked for cooperation. Questionnaires prepared for this purpose were completed for each participant. CPITN index using WHO probe were assessed in patients. Findings showed significant relationship between periodontal status, age and education factors. The present study indicates that gingival disease is very common in the dialysis population. Therefore, special considerations in periodontal therapy are needed and these people should take regular examinations for their treatment plan.

The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of parenting skill in Reducing adolescent conduct disorder and aggression. 32 adolescent (with their parents) came to clinical setting were chosen after recognized CD symptoms with CIS-4 and randomly divided into control and interventional groups. Then, subjects in the interventional group were being trained for &ldquoparenting skill&rdquo in 10 sessions. Subjects in control group did not receive any training. Subjects in both interventional and control groups answered initially tested using measuring tool adolescent Aggression Questionnaire and CD symptoms before treatment and after treatment. According to the findings, there was a significant difference in posttest score of CD symptoms, failure, aggression in peer relationship and physical aggression after adjusting pretest scores(p>0.001). The results demonstrated that parent management training effect CD symptoms and aggressive behavior.